Refined naphthalene is a white volatile crystal with a mild aromatic odor. Its vapor pressure is 0.13kPa/52.6 ℃, and its flash point is 80 ℃; Melting point 80.1 ℃, boiling point 217.9 ℃; Insoluble in water, soluble in ether, benzene.

萘為無(wú)色單斜晶體，易揮發(fā)、升華，有特殊氣味，易燃，能與空氣形成爆炸性混合物;其石油醚溶液在汞燈下呈紅紫色熒光，幾乎不溶于水，能溶于醚、Chemicalbook醇、苯等類溶劑，萘蒸氣和粉塵吸入人體內(nèi)或通過皮膚吸收都能使人中毒，空氣中極限允許濃度為20mg/m3。

Naphthalene is a colorless monoclinic crystal that is easily volatile, sublimated, has a special odor, is flammable, and can form an explosive mixture with air; Its petroleum ether solution exhibits reddish purple fluorescence under a mercury lamp and is almost insoluble in water. It is soluble in solvents such as ether, Chemicalbook alcohol, benzene, etc. Naphthalene vapor and dust can cause poisoning when inhaled into the human body or absorbed through the skin. The maximum allowable concentration in the air is 20mg/m3.

萘為無(wú)色單斜晶體，易揮發(fā)、升華，有特殊氣味，易燃，能與空氣形成爆炸性混合物；其石油醚溶液在汞燈下呈紅紫色熒光，幾乎不溶于水，能溶于醚、醇、苯等類溶劑。

Naphthalene is a colorless monoclinic crystal that is easily volatile, sublimated, has a special odor, is flammable, and can form an explosive mixture with air; Its petroleum ether solution exhibits red purple fluorescence under a mercury lamp and is almost insoluble in water. It is soluble in solvents such as ether, alcohol, and benzene.

萘由兩個(gè)苯環(huán)構(gòu)成的簡(jiǎn)單的稠環(huán)芳香烴，俗稱“衛(wèi)生球”，是煤焦油加工的主要產(chǎn)品之一，萘在工業(yè)上以粗萘(工業(yè)萘和壓榨萘)和精萘等產(chǎn)品形式出現(xiàn)，萘的分子式為C10H8，分子量為128.17，熔點(diǎn)為80.28℃，固態(tài)密度為1.145g/cm3，液態(tài)密度(85℃)為0.9752g/cm3，比熱容(100℃)為1809J/(kg·K)，折射率(85℃)為1.5898。

Naphthalene is a simple condensed aromatic hydrocarbon composed of two benzene rings, commonly known as "sanitary sphere", and is one of the main products in coal tar processing. Naphthalene appears in the form of crude naphthalene (industrial naphthalene and pressed naphthalene) and refined naphthalene in industry. The molecular formula of naphthalene is C10H8, the molecular weight is 128.17, the melting point is 80.28 ℃, the solid density is 1.145g/cm3, the liquid density (85 ℃) is 0.9752g/cm3, the specific heat capacity (100 ℃) is 1809J/(kg · K), and the refractive index (85 ℃) is 1.5898.

萘是染料、塑料、油漆、醫(yī)和農(nóng)等工業(yè)的基本原料之一，曾直接作為衣物、皮毛防蛀的衛(wèi)生球使用，萘比苯容易發(fā)生取代反應(yīng)——鹵代、硝化、磺化和傅氏反應(yīng)；α-碳原子上的電子密度較高，生成α-取代產(chǎn)物的速率較快；β-取代產(chǎn)物穩(wěn)定性較大，取代反應(yīng)中α-和β-取代產(chǎn)物的比例決定于試劑的性質(zhì)、催化劑、溶劑、溫度等因素，如鹵代和硝化反應(yīng)是不可逆的，一般主要生成α-取代產(chǎn)物，其中溴代反應(yīng)不需要催化劑就能發(fā)生。

Naphthalene is one of the basic raw materials in industries such as dyes, plastics, paints, medicine, and agriculture. It has been directly used as a sanitary sphere for clothing and fur to prevent moths. Naphthalene is more prone to substitution reactions than benzene - halogenation, nitration, sulfonation, and Fourier reaction; α- The electron density on carbon atoms is high, resulting in α- The rate of substitution of products is relatively fast; β- The stability of substitution products is relatively high, and in substitution reactions α- and β- The proportion of substitute products depends on factors such as the properties of the reagent, catalyst, solvent, temperature, etc. Halogenation and nitration reactions are irreversible and generally mainly generate α- Substitution products, where bromination reactions can occur without the need for a catalyst.

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