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氫氧化鉀和氯化鈉混合液蒸發(fā)干凈水分后剩余什么?

來源:http://mc-downloads.com/ 日期:2022-06-21 發(fā)布人:admin
這是一個沒有任何實際意義的操作。把水完全蒸發(fā)掉,得到的就仍是一個氫氧化鉀和氯化鈉的混合物。因為其中K+離子與OH-離子的個數(shù)相等,Na+離子與Cl-離子的個數(shù)相等。這個混合物不論在固態(tài)、還是在溶液中也仍具有氫氧化鉀及氯化鈉的諸多性質。與其中有沒有新物質生成,也沒有關系。這還是一個一般的物理過程。如果是想從溶液中重新得到氫氧化鉀和氯化鈉,或是氫氧化鈉和氯化鉀,那只靠蒸發(fā)一般是不行的,要根據(jù)這四種離子的相圖。以該圖為依據(jù),綜合考慮它們相互間物質的量比、濃度、溫度等條件,來進行可能的分離。那是在某些無機化工專業(yè)中才能學到的很專門的知識。對于組成與濃度都未知的這樣的混合液,即便依據(jù)相圖來處理,也有多種可能的分離結果(與原溶液的組成有關)。一種是,氫氧化鉀和氯化鈉同時結晶出來(這兩種物質沒有被分開)。
This is an operation without any practical significance. Evaporate the water completely, and the result is still a mixture of potassium hydroxide and sodium chloride. Because the number of k+ ions and oh- ions is equal, and the number of na+ ions and cl- ions is equal. This mixture still has many properties of potassium hydroxide and sodium chloride in both solid and solution. It has nothing to do with whether new substances are generated. This is also a general physical process. If you want to recover potassium hydroxide and sodium chloride, or sodium hydroxide and potassium chloride from the solution, evaporation alone is generally not enough, according to the phase diagram of these four ions. Based on this diagram, the possible separation is carried out by comprehensively considering the mass ratio, concentration, temperature and other conditions of the substances between them. That is a very specialized knowledge that can be learned in some inorganic chemical engineering majors. For such a mixture whose composition and concentration are unknown, even if it is treated according to the phase diagram, there are many possible separation results (related to the composition of the original solution). One is that potassium hydroxide and sodium chloride crystallize at the same time (the two substances are not separated).
另一種是,可以分離成氫氧化鉀和氯化鈉(氯化鈉先結晶出來)。這時,人們說這基本上還是一個物理過程(沒有新物質生成)。再一種是,當組成滿足一定條件時,確實可以得到氫氧化鈉和氯化鉀。這時,有新物質生成。那就應該承認這是一個化學過程,也可以寫出相應的方程式。在這里,物質間溶解度的差別是驅動這個反應進行的動力。用硝酸鈉與氯化鉀反應制硝酸鉀,寫的方程式就是,NaNO3+KCl=KNO3+NaCl(結晶)。其中的“結晶”就相當于沉淀符號。
The other is that it can be separated into potassium hydroxide and sodium chloride (sodium chloride crystallizes first). At this time, people say that this is basically a physical process (no new material is generated). Another is that when the composition meets certain conditions, sodium hydroxide and potassium chloride can be obtained. At this time, new substances are formed. It should be admitted that this is a chemical process, and the corresponding equations can also be written. Here, the difference in solubility between substances is the driving force driving this reaction. Sodium nitrate reacts with potassium chloride to produce potassium nitrate. The equation written is nano3+kcl=kno3+nacl (crystallization). The "crystallization" is equivalent to the precipitation symbol.
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